PONV Management and Impact
Learn from your peers about clinical considerations, management guidelines, and the impact of treating breakthrough PONV in the PACU.

In high-risk patients
can experience PONV1,2
can experience PONV despite prophylaxis3,4
In patients who failed prophylaxis
can experience nausea4,5
can experience vomiting4
May result in:
In a survey (N=220), PONV was the top postoperative concern (49%) for patients undergoing preoperative anesthetic examination, followed by pain (27%)10
Quantify the number of risk factors to determine risk and guide prophylactic antiemetic therapy.
Learn from your peers about clinical considerations, management guidelines, and the impact of treating breakthrough PONV in the PACU.
Explore the pathways that trigger nausea and vomiting to enhance your PONV care.
5-HT3=5-hydroxytryptamine type 3; CTZ=chemoreceptor trigger zone; D2/D3=dopamine type 2 and type 3; H1=histamine type 1; M3/M5=muscarinic type 3 and type 5; NK=neurokinin; OR=operating room; PACU=postanesthesia care unit; PONV=postoperative nausea and vomiting.
References: 1. Gan TJ, Belani KG, Bergese S, et al. Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Anesth Analg. 2020;131(2):411-448. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004833 2. Apfel CC, Laara E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: conclusions from cross-validations between two centers. Anesthesiology. 1999;91(3):693-700. doi:10.1097/00000542-199909000-00022 3. White PF, O'Hara JF, Roberson CR, Wender RH, Candiotti KA; POST-OP Study Group. The impact of current antiemetic practices on patient outcomes: a prospective study on high-risk patients. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(2):452-458. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31817b842c 4. Habib AS, Kranke P, Bergese SD, et al. Amisulpride for the rescue treatment of postoperative nausea or vomiting in patients failing prophylaxis: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Anesthesiology. 2019;130(2):203-212. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002509 5. Habib AS, Chen YT, Taguchi A, Hu XH, Gan TJ. Postoperative nausea and vomiting following inpatient surgeries in a teaching hospital: a retrospective database analysis. Curr Med Res Opin. 2006;22(6):1093-1099. doi:10.1185/030079906X104830 6. Golembiewski J, Chernin E, Chopra T. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(12):1247-1260. doi:10.1093/ajhp/62.12.1247 7. Hill RP, Lubarsky DA, Phillips-Bute B, et al. Cost-effectiveness of prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, droperidol, or placebo. Anesthesiology. 2000;92(4):958-967. doi:10.1097/00000542-200004000-00012 8. Parra-Sanchez I, Abdallah R, You J, et al. A time-motion economic analysis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in ambulatory surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2012;59(4):366-375. doi:10.1007/s12630-011-9660-x 9. Viellette EL, Gonzalez B, Irwin JS, Peters I. Nurse discharge by criteria decreases post anesthesia care unit (PACU) length stay. J Perianesth Nurs. 2021;36:e13. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2021.06.042 10. Eberhart LH, Morin AM, Wulf H. Patient preferences for immediate postoperative recovery. Br J Anaesth. 2002;89(5):760-761. 11. Kovac A. Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting. In: Gan TJ, Habib A. eds. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Practical Guide. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2016:13-22. 12. Watcha MF, White PF. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: its etiology, treatment, and prevention. Anesthesiology. 1992;77(1):162-184. doi:10.1097/00000542-199207000-00023 13. Kovac AL, O'Connor TA, Pearman MH, et al. Efficacy of repeat intravenous dosing of ondansetron in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. J Clin Anesth. 1999;11(6):453-459. doi:10.1016/s0952-8180(99)00067-7 14. Gan TJ, Jin Z, Ayad S, et al. Fifth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Executive Summary. Anesth Analg. 2026;143(3):497-513. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000007816